Spring in Bloom | Daria Werbowy by Inez & Vinoodh for Vogue Paris April 2006GreenTracker| Each year more than 360 billion cigarettes are smoked in America. A new report released by the journal Tobacco Control — funded by the national public health foundation Legacy® — updates last year’s Earth Day post Please Stop Smoking and Carry a Ciggy Butt Bag Until You Do.

According to the new research, cigarette butts have potentially toxic effects on ecosystems. For example, in one laboratory test result, one cigarette butt soaked in a liter of water was lethal to half of the fish exposed. Some other new research findings include:

Poison centers report hundreds of cases of cigarette butt consumption among children under 6 years old, with some cases of moderate toxicity due to nicotine poisoning.